A counselor who chooses their theory and techniques in order to match the client's attributes, resources, and situation is called:
Answer : B
Explanation:
The eclectic approach can be quite successful. Most counselors using this approach still adhere to one or two main counseling theories, but draw techniques from many different theories. A counselor using a holistic approach would consider the person as a whole (body, mind, emotions, spirit) rather than the separate parts when meeting with a client.
A counselor intensifies a client's emotional state to show the client the irrationality of her emotional reaction. What is this technique known as?
Answer : A
Explanation:
Victor Frankl developed the technique of Paradoxical intention and used it with clients who had severe anxiety. Transactional-Analysis is used by psychoanalysts to help clients determine their ego states in order to understand behavior. For behavior change, therapists help clients alter the state of their ego (parent, child, or adult-like). Systematic Desensitization is a behavioral therapy technique developed by Wolpe to help clients overcome phobias.
Which of the following interventions is not commonly used in Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)?
Answer : D
Explanation:
Interpersonal Therapy is a short term, solution focused treatment mainly for clients who have depression. The ABC Model is a cognitive behavioral therapy technique developed by Albert Ellis to use when clients hold irrational beliefs.
If someone is thinking about committing suicide, asking them whether they are thinking about suicide will not cause them to commit suicide.
Answer : A
Explanation:
Research shows that talking about suicide does not increase the likelihood of someone committing suicide. Talking about suicide and educating people about it can be one of the most effective ways of preventing it from happening.
You are using the ABC model of cognitive therapy. Which model are you trying to promote in your clients after a negative event?
Answer : B
Explanation:
Albert Ellis developed the ABC model to help replace unhealthy, irrational beliefs with rational ones following a negative event.
Carl Jung's Theory of Archetypes is still very influential, and several of them are listed below. Choose the one that is not correct.
Answer : D
Explanation:
The Shadow represents sex and life instincts and consists of repressed ideas and desires. The Hero represents a champion defender. The Wise Old Woman is helpful and a symbol of female nature.
A dog is trained to salivate at the ringing of a bell. What form of conditioning is this?
Answer : A
Explanation:
Classical conditioning occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired. In this case, the two stimuli were the ringing of the bell and the treat. Operant conditioning occurs when there are rewards and punishments associated with learning. Reinforcement is a term associated with operant conditioning.
What type of partial reinforcement produces the best response to stimuli?
Answer : B
Explanation:
A variable ratio schedule is when a reward occurs after an unpredictable amount of responses and typically provides a high rate of response. A fixed ratio schedule occurs when a response is reinforced after a set number of responses. Fixed interval schedules reinforce the response only after a certain amount of time has passed. Variable interval schedules reinforce the response after an unpredictable amount of time has gone by.
Behavioral reinforcers always raise behavioral probability.
Answer : A
Explanation:
The purpose of reinforcers is to increase the likelihood that a specific behavior will occur following a stimulus.
Which of the following would not be a part of a standard first counseling session with a therapist who was practicing client-centered counseling?
Answer : D
Explanation:
A large focus of client-centered counseling is discussion, often guided by the client.
Talking about difficulties to purge them is a curative process known as:
Answer : A
Explanation:
While Aristotle was the first to describe catharsis, it was the psychoanalyst Josef Breuer who first used it as a technique. He found that while recalling traumatic experiences under hypnosis, his clients experienced relief after expressing the repressed emotions.
Who developed the technique of paradoxical intention?
Answer : C
Explanation:
Victor Frankl developed the technique of paradoxical intention and used it with clients who had severe anxiety. Systematic desensitization is a behavioral therapy technique developed by Wolpe to help clients overcome phobias.
Which person is associated with the beginning of the guidance movement?
Answer : B
Explanation:
Frank Parsons is known as the founder of the guidance movement. His talent matching approach was later developed into the Trait and Factor Theory of
Occupational Choice. Adler was the founder of individual psychology, Freud was the founder of psychoanalysis, and Ellis was the founder of rational emotive behavior therapy.
The archetype of the "Shadow" encompasses which of the following?
Answer : C
Explanation:
Carl Jung believed the ג€Shadowג€ represented the dark side of someoneג€™s personality.
A counselor that decides his consultancy fee job-by-job instead of setting a standard rate is using a variable-ratio reinforcement schedule.
Answer : A
Explanation:
A variable ratio schedule is when a reward occurs after an unpredictable amount of responses and typically provides a high rate of response. The counselorג€™s rate is unpredictable from one job to the next. A fixed ratio schedule occurs when a response is reinforced after a set number of responses. Fixed interval schedules reinforce the response only after a certain amount of time has passed. Variable interval schedules reinforce the response after an unpredictable amount of time has gone by.
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