CCIE Collaboration Written v1.0
Question 1
Which H.245 information is exchanged within H.225 messages in H.323 Fast Connect?
- A. Terminal Capability Set
- B. Open Logical Channel
- C. Master-Slave Determination
- D. Call Setup
- E. Call Progress
Answer : B
Explanation:
With the standard H.245 negotiation, the two endpoints need three round-trips before they agree on the parameters of the audio/video channels (1. master/slave voting, 2. terminal capability set exchange, and finally, 3. opening the logical channels). In certain situations and especially with high-latency network links, this can last too long and users will notice the delay.
Question 2
Which two compression formats for high-definition video have technical content that is identical to H.264? (Choose two.)
- A. MPEG-4 Part 10
- B. MPEG-4 Part 14
- C. MPEG-2 Part 7
- D. AVC
- E. VC3
- F. VP8
Answer : AD
Explanation:
MPEG-4 Part 10, also known as MPEG-4 AVC (Advanced Video Coding), is actually defined in an identical pair of standards maintained by different organizations, together known as the Joint Video Team (JVT). While MPEG-4 Part 10 is a ISO/IEC standard, it was developed in cooperation with the ITU, an organization heavily involved in broadcast television standards. Since the ITU designation for the standard is H.264, you may see MPEG-4 Part 10 video referred to as either
AVC or H.264. Both are valid, and refer to the same standard.
Question 3
Refer to the exhibit.
A user is going through a series of dialing steps on an SCCP IP phone (extension 1001) to call another SCCP IP phone (extension 2003). Both phones are registered to the same Cisco Unified Communications Manager cluster. Which user inputs are sent from the calling IP phone to the Cisco Unified Communications
Manager, in forms of SCCP messages, after the user pressed the Dial softkey? Note that the commas in answer choices below are logical separators, not part of the actual user input or SCCP messages.
- A. A separate SCCP message is sent to Cisco Unified Communications Manager for each of the following user inputs: 2, 0, 0, 3.
- B. A separate SCCP message is sent to Cisco Unified Communications Manager for each of the following user inputs: 2, 0, 1, <<, 0, 3.
- C. A single SCCP message is sent to Cisco Unified Communications Manager to report that digits 2003 have been dialed.
- D. A single SCCP message is sent to Cisco Unified Communications Manager to report that digits 201<<03 have been dialed.
- E. A separate SCCP message is sent to Cisco Unified Communications Manager for each of the following user inputs: 2, 0, 1, <<, 2, 0, 0, 3.
Answer : C
Explanation:
After the user delete phone stop the digit by digit dialing and send it as a whole setup.
Question 4
How are DTMF digits transported in RFC 2833?
- A. In the RTP stream with the named telephone events payload format.
- B. In the RTP stream with the regular audio payload format.
- C. In SIP NOTIFY messages.
- D. In SIP INFO messages.
- E. In SIP SUBSCRIBE messages.
Answer : A
Explanation:
DTMF digits and named telephone events are carried as part of the audio stream, and MUST use the same sequence number and time-stamp base as the regular audio channel to simplify the generation of audio waveforms at a gateway. The default clock frequency is 8,000 Hz, but the clock frequency can be redefined when assigning the dynamic payload type.
Question 5
Refer to the exhibit.
Which DTMF relay method is advertised when the originating SIP gateway sends an INVITE message with a Call-Info header shown?
- A. RFC 2833
- B. SIP INFO
- C. SIP NOTIFY
- D. SIP KPML
- E. In-band audio
Answer : C
Explanation:
You can develop user-specific applications that reside on your network entity and have the ability to subscribe for event services supported by the IMG. If the network entity wants the ability to detect an entered DTMF digit (only telephone event of "###" are currently supported) from the TDM-side of a call to the IP side of a call, the entity can subscribe to the IMG for these events and receive SIP NOTIFY events containing the digit event.
Question 6
Refer to the exhibit.
You received this debug output to troubleshoot a Cisco IOS MGCP gateway problem at a customer site. What is the purpose of this message?
- A. The MGCP gateway uses this message to respond to an RQNT message from Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
- B. The MGCP gateway uses this message to respond to an AUCX message from Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
- C. The MGCP gateway uses this message to respond to an AUEP message from Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
- D. The MGCP gateway uses this message to respond to a DLCX message from Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
- E. The MGCP gateway uses this message to respond to an NTFY message from Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
Answer : C
Explanation:
This message requests the status of an endpoint. Information that can be audited with this includes Requested
Events,DigitMap,SignalRequests,RequestIdentifier,QuarantineHandling, Notified Entity, Connection Identifiers, Detect Events, Observed Events, Event States,
Bearer Information, Restart Method, Restart Delay, ReasonCode, PackageList, Max MGCP Datagram, and Capabilities. The response will include information about each of the items for which auditing info was requested.
Question 7
Refer to the exhibit.
You received this debug output to troubleshoot a Cisco IOS MGCP gateway call quality issue at a customer site. Which statement about this message is true?
- A. The MGCP gateway is responding to an RQNT message from Cisco Unified Communications Manager to poll the call statistics of an active call.
- B. The MGCP gateway is responding to an AUEP message from Cisco Unified Communications Manager to poll the call statistics of a terminating call.
- C. The MGCP gateway is responding to an MDCX message from Cisco Unified Communications Manager during a call setup.
- D. The MGCP gateway is responding to an AUCX message from Cisco Unified Communications Manager about an active call.
- E. The MGCP gateway is responding to a DLCX message from Cisco Unified Communications Manager about a terminating call.
Answer : E
Explanation:
DeleteConnection "" used by a call agent to instruct a gateway to delete an existing connection. DeleteConnection can also be used by a gateway to release a connection that can no longer be sustained.
Question 8
Refer to the exhibit.
If this SIP call is initiated using delayed offer, which SIP message will UA#2 use to communicate its media capability to UA#1?
- A. INVITE
- B. 180 Ringing
- C. 200 OK
- D. ACK
- E. RTP Media
Answer : C
Explanation:
200 OK Indicates the request was successful.
Question 9
To which SIP response category does 301 Moved Permanently belong?
- A. Provisional
- B. Successful
- C. Redirection
- D. Client Failure
- E. Server Failure
Answer : C
Explanation:
The 301 response from the Web server should always include an alternative URL to which redirection should occur. If it does, a Web browser will immediately retry the alternative URL. So you never actually see a 301 error in a Web browser, unless perhaps you have a corrupt redirection chain e.g. URL A redirects to
URL B which in turn redirects back to URL A. If your client is not a Web browser, it should behave in the same way as a Web browser i.e. immediately retry the alternative URL.
Question 10
Refer to the exhibit.
How many SIP signaling transaction(s) took place in this SIP message exchange between two SIP user agents?
- A. 1
- B. 2
- C. 3
- D. 4
- E. 5
- F. 6
Answer : C
Explanation:
During the establishment, maintenance and termination of a SIP session, signaling messages are exchanged between the two SIP endpoints. There are two different kinds of signaling "conversations" that those messages take part in: transactions and dialogs.
A transaction is a SIP message exchange between two user-agents that starts with a request and ends with its final response (it can also contain zero or more provisional responses in between). For example, during the termination of a SIP session, one user releases the call by sending a BYE request and the other party replies back with a 200 OK response. This message exchange is called a transaction.
But what happens in the case of the INVITE request? The establishment of a SIP session starts basically with an INVITE request and is considered as completed upon the receipt of the ACK. In this case, the transaction starts with the INVITE request and ends with the 200 OK, so the ACK is not part of the transaction. The
ACK can be considered as a transaction on its own. However, when the final response to an INVITE is not a 2xx response, then the ACK is considered as part of the transaction. A dialog is a complete exchange of SIP messages between two user-agents. That means that transactions are actually parts of a dialog. For example, in the case of a SIP session establishment, a dialog starts with the INVITE-200 OK transaction, continues with the ACK and ends with the BYE-200 OK transaction.
The picture below depicts the dialog and transactions that take place during the establishment of a SIP session:
Note: There can also be subsequent requests that belong to the same dialog, such as a BYE or a re-INVITE message. As out-of-dialog requests are considered messages such as an initial INVITE request for a new session or an OPTIONS message for checking capabilities.
There are different SIP headers/parameters that identify the dialogs and transactions, and they will be analyzed in later posts.
References: https://telconotes.wordpress.com/2013/03/13/sip-transactions-vs-dialogs/
Question 11
Refer to the exhibit.
How many SIP signaling dialog(s) took place in this SIP message exchange between two SIP user agents?
- A. 1
- B. 2
- C. 3
- D. 4
- E. 5
- F. 6
Answer : A
Explanation:
During the establishment, maintenance and termination of a SIP session, signaling messages are exchanged between the two SIP endpoints. There are two different kinds of signaling "conversations" that those messages take part in: transactions and dialogs.
A transaction is a SIP message exchange between two user-agents that starts with a request and ends with its final response (it can also contain zero or more provisional responses in between). For example, during the termination of a SIP session, one user releases the call by sending a BYE request and the other party replies back with a 200 OK response. This message exchange is called a transaction.
But what happens in the case of the INVITE request? The establishment of a SIP session starts basically with an INVITE request and is considered as completed upon the receipt of the ACK. In this case, the transaction starts with the INVITE request and ends with the 200 OK, so the ACK is not part of the transaction. The
ACK can be considered as a transaction on its own. However, when the final response to an INVITE is not a 2xx response, then the ACK is considered as part of the transaction. A dialog is a complete exchange of SIP messages between two user-agents. That means that transactions are actually parts of a dialog. For example, in the case of a SIP session establishment, a dialog starts with the INVITE-200 OK transaction, continues with the ACK and ends with the BYE-200 OK transaction.
The picture below depicts the dialog and transactions that take place during the establishment of a SIP session:
Note: There can also be subsequent requests that belong to the same dialog, such as a BYE or a re-INVITE message. As out-of-dialog requests are considered messages such as an initial INVITE request for a new session or an OPTIONS message for checking capabilities.
There are different SIP headers/parameters that identify the dialogs and transactions, and they will be analyzed in later posts.
References: https://telconotes.wordpress.com/2013/03/13/sip-transactions-vs-dialogs/
Question 12
Which two statements describe characteristics of Binary Floor Control Protocol? (Choose two.)
- A. Its binary encoding is designed to work in high-bandwidth environments.
- B. It is designed for audio or video conference sessions of three or more participants.
- C. It enables management of shared content resources independent of video streams.
- D. It supports TLS-based authentication.
- E. It supports SIP as well as H.323.
Answer : CD
Explanation:
BFCP is a deliverable developed as part of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) XCON Centralized Conferencing working group. The IETF XCON working group was formed to focus on delivering a standards-based approach to managing IP conferencing while promoting broad interoperability between software and equipment vendors.
Question 13
What is the minimum number of TCP sessions needed to complete a H.323 call between two H.323 gateways using slow start?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
- E. 4
Answer : C
Explanation:
H.323 has two modes of operation: slow start and fast start. The initiation of a call may proceed in a slow start or fast start in H.323. In a slow start, H.323 signaling consists of Setup, Call Proceeding, Alerting, and Connect steps. After these steps, the H.245 media negotiation is performed. When a call is initiated in
H.323 fast start, the H.245 media negotiation is performed within the initial Setup message. With slow start, multiple TCP connections are needed for an H.323 call, such as one H.225 signaling channel and one H.245 signaling channel if required (minimum of these two).
Question 14
Which element was added to H.225 messages to enable Fast Connect in H.323 version 2?
- A. fastStart
- B. fastConnect
- C. H.245 PDU
- D. User-User Information
- E. Connection Information
Answer : A
Explanation:
Fast start allows for H323 media connections to be started at the beginning of a call. This is helpful for ringback scenarios, and also reduces the amount of time calls take to establish media. H245 is still negotiated later, but the actual media can be done earlier through H225 messages.
Question 15
What is the name of the logical channel proposal that is transmitted from the called entity to the calling entity in H.323 Fast Connect?
- A. Forward Logical Channel
- B. Backward Logical Channel
- C. Reverse Logical Channel
- D. Originator Logical Channel
- E. Destination Logical Channel C
Answer : Explanation
Explanation:
Unlike the OpenLogicalChannel request used by H.323 for video uni-directional logical channels, the request used by H.324 for opening video bi-directional logical channels specifies the temporalSpatialTradeOff Capability in both the forward and reverse directions--in the forwardLogicalChannelParameters.dataTypeandreverseLogicalChannelParameters.dataType components, respectively. The semantics of temporalSpatialTradeOffCapability used in forward LogicalChannelParameters.dataType is described in the previous section. The semantics for its presence in the reverse direction is described in this section.